PREPARATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
IN FACING THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
IN FACING THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
Author
:
M. Ihsan Dacholfany
Muhammadiyah University Metro Lampung
In facing the Asean Economic Community by 2015, each country should prepare to meet him, including Indonesia to be able to compete in the ASEAN region. At the time of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) will certainly apply more labor competing seize employment opportunities among ASEAN countries, especially local labor in the country itself as well as those coming from Southeast Asia. Of course for workers who have high job competition, will have wider opportunities to earn profits. Then the quality of human resources must be improved, especially for university graduates, the college encouraged to produce quality graduates International equipped with professional skills, language skills and intercultural skills. But basically the universities should improve the quality of faculty, curriculum and facilities to meet international standards. In addition, universities are also required to develop good skills in cooperation with institutions or other parties and the development of student activity unit that is expected to create an educated human resources with the skills trained. By joining Indonesia later as a member of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 2015, will be many changes experienced by Indonesia. Indonesia could become a big country and capable of being "Man Of The Match" or it could even be worse off because of competition as the effect of the age.
A. Intruduction
AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) or
the Asean Economic Community in 2015 is the form of the planned ASEAN Economic
Integration will be achieved in 2015 and supposed to Asean countries including
Indonesia are ready to face this Asean Free Market. And the implementation of
AFTA stay a few months longer, with the implementation of AFTA is the ASEAN
countries would have a single market that is dynamic and competitive. This
condition can be a challenge and a threat, can also be a golden opportunity[1]At
the end of 2015 and will be a deadline for Indonesia to enter the Asean
Economic Community (AEC). ASEAN economic community would open up the boundaries
of the rules on taxes, tariffs and duties for goods and services in Southeast
Asia. And the presence of the Asean Economic Community (AEC) will affect not
only the free trade sector for different product items but also will affect the
labor sector, in addition to the Asean Economic Community (AEC), ASEAN
countries would be free to compete to fill in sector labor in all ASEAN
countries.
Awareness about the urgency of the
Indonesian national education system strong and quality in order to sustain the
progress of nations, Indonesia must immediately focus to counter the challenges
in realizing and accelerating the improvement of the quality of education so as
not to lag behind other nations by accelerating the improvement of its
education system and human resources berkemajuan , Therefore, Indonesia should
immediately give serious attention to meciptakan education at all levels in
order to have a hope that has quality and can be directed to support the
advancement and welfare of the nation and every generation is different challenges
and problems faced sebagaiman Ali reminds us that: Allimu auladakum ghoiro
ma ullimtum fainnahum khuliku lizamanin ghoiro zamanikum. (Prepare young people / your child with things that are prospective and
relevant to his future later: Sayyidina
Ali bin Abu Tholib).
Asean Economic Community (AEC) in
2015 has been at the front of the eye would be a challenge and expectations as
well as to the attention of all parties, not just the government of Indonesia.
All stakeholders both central and local levels is important to prepare the
measures, including universities need to strengthen all aspects of education.
Based on data from the Indonesian
labor force reached 118.17 people. While unemployment reached 7.15 million
working orang.Angkatan Indonesia is still dominated by primary school
graduates. Of 118.17 million people who work, 55.3 million people or 46.80
percent of primary school graduates. Worker second largest junior high school
graduates by 21.1 million people or 17.82 percent[2].
For a country which has a workforce
with educational qualifications and high competence, Asean Economic Community
(AEC) in 2015 will be an opportunity to expand the workforce to other ASEAN
countries. How to Indonesia, whether actual Indonesian Higher Education already
has a readiness to face the Asean Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, this is a
challenge and hopes that a more forward and backward, what to do?
Indonesian higher education
institutions, especially private universities, is expected to produce graduates
competitive in the international arena, at least for the ASEAN region. It is
necessary to face the free market of ASEAN in 2015, the potential of the
potential of Indonesian people who come from a variety of university graduates
both public and private should be a great force that will be an asset and a
major investment of Indonesia in facing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in
2015, the Education High-course must be able to produce graduates who are ready
for success in the world of work and is able to bring about change in this
world with the power of applied research that is needed by society and
industry.
Quality education in the
development of a nation is a necessity. Through quality education can be born
human resources (HR) quality and competitiveness as one of the nation building
process input row. Without quality education may not be the goal of development
of a nation can be realized well. Quality education and quality development are
like two sides of a coin that can not be separated from one another.
In the context of Indonesia,
juridical basis Act of 1945, fourth paragraph stating that "... Then from
that point on, to form a government of Indonesia, which protect all the people
of Indonesia, and the country of Indonesia and to promote the general welfare,
the intellectual life nation ... ". Referring to the opening of the
passage of the 1945 Constitution, it is clear that one of the objectives of
national development is within the framework of the life of the nation.
Operational strategies to achieve these goals is through the efforts of the
education sector development. Therefore, education is a strategic pillar that
can not be replaced by any sector and has become a national commitment since
the state was founded, so the issue of education is always interesting to be
studied and developed. According Barizi revealed that in this era of
globalization, education is still regarded as a major force in the social
community to keep pace with the development of Science and Technology (Science
and Technology) [3].
Therefore, in this paper the
authors will examine and assess how the problems and the preparation of the
Indonesian nation facing Asean
Economic Community will be enforced in the near future, there are no other
words unless we are all stakeholders ranging from the center to the regions
must strive and work hard.
B. Theoretical
Study and Methodology
AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) or the Asean Economic Community in 2015 is a
form of ASEAN Economic Integration which is planned to be achieved by 2015. As
a reference by all member states in implementing commitments AEC, has agreed
AEC Blueprint was signed by the ASEAN leaders in November 2007 in Singapore
,With the implementation of the Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA) or the Asean
Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, the ASEAN countries will have a single market
that is dynamic and competitive. This condition can be a threat, can also be a
golden opportunity for the Indonesian people. Regardless of ready or not,
Indonesia will soon face the era of free competition in 2015. The ASEAN
Economic Community (AEC), so the days of call. An era in which the flow of
goods, services, and investments will be open to all residents of the
surrounding countries. Moreover, the MEA also called ASEAN Economic Community
(AEC), became an important agenda that not only demands attention, but at the
same time awareness of all parties to immediately prepare for the onslaught of
the freedom of economic activity. Some sectors of the job to be much in the
drill by foreign workers adapted to the type of industry that will thrive and
have a good prospect in the free trade between the ASEAN countries. Field work
that will absorb labor of which include: Sector Information and Tekhnology,
eco-tourism (Travel, Hospitality), Health, Industry and Manufacturing,
Transportation (Land, Sea and Air), Agriculture, Arts, Education, especially
Training Center, Marine Property and Food Sector and other business sectors.
Methods of this paper is to use a
qualitative approach is descriptive analytic method with variation case. Method descriptive analytic study is a
research method that emphasizes the effort to obtain information on the status
or symptoms at the time of the study, giving an overview of phenomena, as well
as further explained relationships, as well as attracting the significance of a
problem is desired. Sukmadinata revealed that descriptive research is a form of
the most basic research and is intended to describe or depict phenomena that
exist, both phenomena that are natural or human engineering[4].
As for the case study (case study)
is a method for collecting and analyzing data with regard to something cases.
The case study is a study of a "unified system". This unity can be a
program, activities, events, or group of individuals bound by place, time or a
certain bond. Case studies generally produces longitudinal picture of the
results of the collection and analysis of cases in the period. Cases can be
limited to one person, one institution, one event or one group of human beings
and objects other groups are quite limited, which is seen as a single entity.
In accordance with the peculiar, that the case study approach performed on
objects is limited. The question of selecting a sample that uses the approach
is not the same as the problems faced by quantitative research. As an
implication, studies using a case study approach results can not be
generalized. Therefore, the method used descriptive method with a variety of
case study method, then in this study did not use the hypothesis formulated at
the beginning of verifiable, this is in accordance with the said by Arikunto that generally is a
non-descriptive research hypothesis. Even if the adventures are hypothetical,
he stuck out as part of efforts to build and develop a theory based on field
data (grounded theory) [5].
Interactive qualitative approach
was deliberately chosen because the authors assume that the characteristics are
matched with the problems that are the focus of research.
1. Purposive
sample; Purposive sample selection or theoretical caused researchers want to
increase the coverage and range of data required in order to obtain the various
realities.
2. Analiais
inductive data, inductive method is chosen rather than deductive methods
because this method allows researchers to identify the reality is that various
field, making the interaction of researchers and respondents more explicit,
visible, and easy to do, as well as enabling the identification of aspects that
influence each other.
3. The
study design sticking out naturally; The researchers chose the design of the
study appeared, sticking, flow gradually and not built at the beginning of the
study. Design which arise as a result of the function of the interaction
between researchers and respondents.
4. The
results based on the negotiations; Researchers naturalistic want to negotiate
with respondents to understand their meaning and interpretation of the data
Happenings is obtained from them.
5. Limit
specified research focus; Territorial realm of qualitative research is largely
determined by research focus is sticking to the surface. The focus thus
enabling more stable interaction between researchers and respondents in a
particular context.
6. Natural
background; ontological an object to be viewed in the context of nature, and
the separation of elements-anasirnya will reduce the degree of integrity and
unity of meaning that object.
7. Humans
as an instrument; Researchers used itself as the primary data collectors. Other
objects as human beings can not be an instrument as it will not be able to
understand and meyesuaikan themselves with the true reality.
8. Qualitative
methods, qualitative researchers chose qualitative methods because these
methods are more easily adapted to the realities of a diverse and interact.
9. Utilization of non-proportional
knowledge Researchers naturalistic legitimize the use of intuition, feelings,
hunches and other knowledge that does not get a solution (tacit knowledge) in
addition to knowledge of the
proportional (propostional knowledge)
because the first type of knowledge that is
widely used in the process of
interaction between researchers
and respondents.
10. Theories
based on the data in the field; Researchers naturalistic look for theories that
emerge from the data. They do not depart from a priori theory because this
theory will not be able to explain the findings (the reality and value) that
will be encountered in the field.
11. How
to reporting of cases; Reporting style is more suitable than the usual
scientific reporting on quantitative research, because of reported cases more
easily adapted to the description of the realities on the ground facing the
researchers.
12. Idiograflk
interpretation; The data collected included the conclusion will be
interpretation in idiograflk, namely in cases, specialty, and contextual. not
nomothetic, which is based on the laws of generalization.
13. Applications
tentative; Qualitative researchers are less interested (doubtful) to make
claims application of the findings because the reality he faced manifold.
14. The situation with certain
criteria; Terms such as internal validity, external validity, reliability and objectivity sound as alien to
naturalistic research, as opposed
to naturalistic axioms. Fourth term in a
naturalistic study was replaced
with credibility, the ability
to transfer, dependence "[6]
C. Problems
1. What
are the challenges for universities in the face of the 2015 ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC) ?
2. The
role of governments and universities in the face of the 2015 ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC) ?
3. What
are the expectations in the face of the 2015 ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) ?
D. Discussion
Human resources possessed by graduates
of Muslims in Indonesia have not been capable and low quality,
it is expected that the quality of
graduates in high school or
college can produce human resources that can be competitive in the era of globaliasasi this so as
to have a sale value that is
ready to work in order not to be "slave "in their own
country[7]
Enforcement of the ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC), the Indonesian people should be optimistic and it should be a
momentum and a golden opportunity to generate and promote various sectors of
infrastructure development, promote economic, security, education and
socio-cultural, in facing the era of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015,
Indonesia should be able to compete with other countries in the hope to be able
to take advantage of opportunities, especially by preparing graduates who are
ready to fill the job market in the ASEAN region. So Universities need to
revitalize themselves and should be able to stand in the forefront and should
continue to spur themselves to the development of education in the country that
would be expected to have high-quality education and competitiveness in the the face of the Asean Free Market.
1. The
challenge for higher education in the face of the free market of ASEAN or the
ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015?
a. The
main challenge for Indonesia is the limited access to higher education.
b. Human
resources (HR) is not qualified.
c. The
high demands of competitive human resources.
d. The
ease to work to fellow ASEAN countries and the ease in obtaining a work visa.
e. Lack
of mastery of English as the language of communication
2.
Role of Government and Universities
The role of the Indonesian government through the
Higher Education should prepare everything in the face of the 2015 ASEAN free
market or Asean Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, among others:
a. Government
and Higher Education is expected to create new products and retain existing
Indonesian products that are packed in different ways. It becomes important to
do so batik, ethnic Acehnese bags, or other peculiarities user Indonesia can be maintained.
b. The
government is expected to prepare a formidable global businesses both quantity
and quality with the University curriculum useful and changing educational
structure towards a more professional the following access other support, such
basic infrastructure as well as strategic infrastructure and establish local
berkearifan market behavior.
c. The
Government provides the opportunity for higher education to the education
process or the courses that are very oriented to the world of work. Developed
learning from each program and level must also be integrated with the world of
work relating to Higher education can develop collaborations with many of the
industry with many models. Indonesia
must immediately get up and pack up to welcome the era of freedom of 2015 ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC) ?
d. .
Improved quality must be improved in various lines, both services and
production by setting up the product and human resources (HR) are highly competitive
with certified and professional competence.
e. Indonesia
should not just focus on its natural wealth. Because in a free market,
innovation and productivity are more demanding to be developed rather than just
boast natural resources but does not process it wisely it needs a professional
manager and having good governance and true.
f. Add
and utilize to the maximum Laboratory, along with the development of technology
testing, laboratories are also required to provide quality assurance testing to
customers, in addition to the methods to be validated, accredited to ISO 17025:
2005, using the latest technologies and laboratories are also required to
participate in proficiency testing on a regular basis in order laboratory
competence is maintained quality for which the need for the role of government
and universities. Thus alignment in step to provide quality assurance system,
between the laboratory and industry players should be mutually supportive.
Laboratory testing should be able to give a true and can be accepted by the
international market and industry players can control the quality of their
products by looking at the results of the test values.
g. The
Government cooperated in efforts to increase knowledge, skills and technology
so as to give birth to a reliable workforce in the face of free trade,
accompanied by mental aptitude at an early stage entrepreneurship. Where
competition will be intense and high. The company will look for employees or
workforce true not only experienced, but also will be looking for workers who
have the ability to complete in addition to the appropriate educational
background to work.
h. Universities
are expected to cooperate with the Government in improving the service system
that will provide information on free trade in Southeast Asia on a regular
basis and also provide online and integrated system that can facilitate all
matters relating to the business, jobs, businesses and others more. This
integrated system is online and who is not maximized owned by the Indonesian
state that the information related to business in the country are available in
full and can be accessed globally by both local residents and entrepreneurs as
well as investors who will open a business in the country[8]
i.
Government as facilitator in the
cooperation between institutions of higher learning such as comparative studies
to be able to transmit and transfer experience lower management accreditation
status, for example so they can help each other in terms of management and
human resources such as the shortage of teachers, lack of infrastructure,
quality of faculty, lack of scientific publications , etc.
j.
The Government of Indonesia in
cooperation with Universities and private gradual increase in the scholarship
program to send students abroad to have a target achievement of increasing the
number of master's and doctoral nationally or International.
3.
Solutions for universities in the face
of free market ASEAN (AFTA) in 2015 or the Asean Economic Community (AEC) in
2015?
a. The
main problem for Indonesia is the low level of education of Indonesian workers
due to limited access to higher education and the high cost of education in
Indonesia, then the solution to guarantee education and it is natural that
there is the idea of National Education Assurance (Jamdiknas), which demanded
the Indonesian government to provide the implementation of free education and
quality assurance to undergraduate (S1) to all Indonesian children. [9]
and the argument that if the national education budget reached Rp 371 trillion
plus fuel subsidies over the budget and the budget allocation is considered
sufficient to hold Jamdiknas[10].
b. With
the ease to work to fellow ASEAN countries Indonesia This is a particular
challenge for universities that have not been established because there will be
competition of labor, then the universities should prepare a human resources or
alumni who have a scholarly, competent, professional and have a reliable skill
as needed.
c. Language, graduate of higher education
has not been able to optimally within the International language acquisition or
Asean, namely English as a communication tool in the face of the Asean free
market, despite being taught ranging from basic education through college and
even there the course, but the interest and ability of generations still less
to try to master English this is not intended to "kill" the existence
of Indonesian, but at this point the English language is very instrumental to
improve the quality of education[11].the
Higher Education demanded that the students and alumni have adequate language
skills to provide services in the form of infrastructure, rules, adequate
teaching materials, especially in increasing the ability to speak English as an
international language and is recognized by the Asean Countries. Higher Education should prepare a human
resources (HR) qualified as workers with educational qualifications and
competence high, the actual enactment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC),
this will be an opportunity to expand the workforce to other ASEAN countries,
the role of Resources Human (SDM) is crucial in producing a quality product. HR
into a service sector which is the object in the ASEAN single market. Experts
and skilled labor will gain free access to locate and enter the workforce in
the region of ASEAN countries. By Therefore, it should be a systematic effort
made by higher education to improve the quality of human resources in the form
of hard skills and soft skills[12]As in college still
many unavailability of human resources (HR) faculty
hold doctoral and professor, considering the requirements
for achieving a doctorate and professor it
was difficult to whom
to write in journals national and international accredited, undertake research
and so forth.In the improvement of human resources that are
reliable and competent is the responsibility
and the capacity of governments
and communities termasuklah parents
should pay attention to the development and education
of children as the next generation, and not allow the growth of a child to walk without guidance, or handed
over to the school teachers alone
or helper household.
This is a mistake that a lot happens
in the reality of our lives. It must not be forgotten is not to leave the
weak dibalakang generation,
in this case the appropriate word of Allah:
وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا
خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ
فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ
وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا
It
means: "And
let the fear of Allah those who suppose to leave behind
their weak children,
that they are concerned for their welfare. Therefore, let them fear Allah and
let them say words are true. "(Surat an-Nisa`: 9)[13].
d. Higher
Education should be aware that competing demands of human resources, the steps
taken are not just socializing, but more are expected to map out the problems
that cause low competitiveness and overcome anticipatory measures so that human
resources of college really can meet the need for ASEAN countries.
The
Nuance According Adhe Wibisono[14]
The basic thing that should be prioritized by the Indonesian government forward
in welcoming the Asean Economic Community (AEC) in 2015 is changing the
orientation of education and human resource development. Some steps were deemed
necessary to Indonesia is the Government within the next 5 years should give
attention to improving the educational qualifications of its workforce
consisting mostly of elementary school graduates that can at least be high
school graduates. This is done in order to urge the Indonesian workers can
withstand future ASEAN free market and government is expected to eradicate the
symptoms of systemic corruption that occurs particularly in the education
sector. Education budget amounted to Rp 371 trillion, if not eroded by bancakan
the corrupt would be the government's main capital in conducting educational
programs and Indonesia are expected gradually to reform education policy which
then can support the implementation of the idea of free education up to
college level. Rearrangement post the budget effectively and efficiently as do
Finland is expected to realize the idea.
While
A. Malik Fajar said that in improving the quality of education in universities
should begin by building trust / image / image both lecturers and employees to
society, the governance institutions that discipline, tranfaran and accountable
and professional leaders[15].
In
addition to the above, according to the author of no less importance is expected
to Government through the Higher Education seeks to create human resources
which have the character of an honest, responsible, not the corruption
mentality, ready barsaing both nationally and internationally. Due to the
successful development of Indonesia will be the starting point of a personal
character that is clean, honest, and responsible.
I.
Conclusion
Various information ASEAN free
market in 2015 has been widely reported in various media, but particularly
information on how to prepare and plan in the face of free trade region of
Southeast Asia are not widely available to the public, the private sector and
the parties who require further information about how to prepare for the ASEAN
free trade 2015 or Asean Economic Community (AEC) in 2015? with careful
planning planning, especially how to cope with problems and seize opportunities
in the market size of the Asean free market.
The role of government must help
fund, infrastructure and provides scholarships to universities to support the
quantity and quality of education. In addition, the government also needs to
encourage and facilitate that partnership between educational institutions in
the country and abroad can be well maintained in order to support the
advancement of the education system in Indonesia.
In welcome or meet Asean
Economic Community (AEC) in 2015. Indonesia should be optimistic and could be a
momentum and a golden opportunity to generate and promote various sectors,
especially education, the colleges have the most strategic role in determining
the nation's development and progress by immediately activating synergies in a
unity, vision, mission and common goals in the face of competition Welcoming Asean
Economic Community (AEC) in 2015.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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[7] M. Ihsan Dacholfany, Islam
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[9] Republika, 28 April 2014
[10] Antara News, 30 April 2014
[11] M.
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[12] www.serambinewstv.com | www.menatapaceh.com, Wibowo
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[13] M. Ihsan Dacholfany, 2013,
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